Prepare a report of your findings for the two owners Essay - 1

Prepare a report of your findings for the two owners - Essay Example Analytically, for a given time, Nora has been protracted as a â€Å"Doll† in the house of Torvald Helmer. She has been Torvald’s petowing to the fact she was limited in making decision on her own. The analysis of the play will try to bring out the fact that if it were not for the extortion plot, Nora would have remained submissive to Torvald. Nora and Krogstad share common problems: they are all wronged by the society, and they have been involved in a forgery problem. This common problem between themtends to be the starting point of a conflict, which is strongly catalyzed by Krogstad. The forgery of signatures is central, and competition at work place is the glue that binds Nora and Krogstad together while threatening their marriage. Torvalds clearly knows that Krogstad had forged the signature, as he states in conversation between him and his wife. â€Å"He forged someone’s name. Have you any idea what that means?† (Doll’s House, Act 2). In the turn of events, Krogstad starts to blackmail Nora following a loan that she obtains from Krogstad using a forged signature of her dead dad. These secret transactions are part of the main cause that Nora has to remain loyal to Krogstand hence being treated as a pet. Krogstad even takes advantage of this situation to secure and keep his position at workplace. By keeping his job, Krogstad will be able to attend to the need of his family. The involvement of the two in this forgery places Nora Helmer at a crossroad. At this point, we can see her contemplating suicide because of the heightened problems in her life that was born out of the secrets and the subsequent mistreatment. It reaches a point whereby, Krogstad uses this secret to threaten Torvalds of the ills that he has done in the bank. The attempt of suicide is noted and prevented by Krogstad who also had once been in the same scenario: Krogstad says the following to her

A Doll’s House Essay Example for Free

A Doll’s House Essay The play, A Doll’s House, by Henrik Ibsen, showcases a traditional marriage of a middle class couple in the Victorian Era. The marriages in the late nineteenth century were severely confining; the woman’s role was to be nurturing and submissive, while the man’s was to be powerful in both his work and domestic life. Similarly to these traditional matrimonies, the marriage of the protagonists, Nora and Torvald, emphasizes the implausibility of individuals to both meet the society’s expectations and achieve personal happiness. Hence, Ibsen exhibited this principle and inadvertently shocked society by exhibiting what most people believed to be â€Å" a kind of godless androgyny; women,† such as the rebellious Nora, â€Å"in refusing to be compliant, [a]re refusing to be women† (Templeton 13). Since men and women in the patriarchal society are conditioned to only accept women as daughters, wives, and mothers, both Nora and Torvald are submissive to society’s will; and so Torvald perpetuates this societal attitude without recognizing its injustice while Nora challenges it, thus reversing their traditional roles in society. Initially, the protagonist in A Doll’s House, Nora, is portrayed as an immature and pretentious woman. Meanwhile, her husband, Torvald, is characterized as an intelligent and generous man. However, as the plot unfolds, evidence suggests that their dispositions are actually in reverse, due to their preoccupation with fitting into the molds that society has created for them to fit into. In reality, not only are their personalities opposite, but their positions in the household are as well. Consequently, Nora plays the part of the childish wife and Torvald plays the part of the dominating husband, but ultimately, Nora is empowered whereas Torvald is desperate to regain control. Additionally, because society constantly reinforces the man’s supremacy and the woman’s subordinacy in a relationship, both Nora and Torvald uphold the pretense of having an ideal marriage; however, they are living an illusion. Initially, both Torvald and Nora seem to highly value appearances; however, obeying societal rules regarding appearance does not give either of them  powera reality that solely Nora is able to comprehend. Unaware that he is living in a household that is based on lies, Torvald treats his wife the way that society has taught him, because he seeks authority not only in his professional life, but in his personal life as well. He believes that women’s purposes only include housekeeping and amusement, so he wants his wife’s appearance, and thus his public front, to be immaculate. Accordingly, Torvald gives Nora money so that she can buy new clothes and presents for herself and their children, subsequently beautifying his family. Also, Torvald affectionately calls Nora his â€Å"skylark and â€Å"squirrel,† and is amused by her immaturity. He enjoys her inability to think for herself, so he doesn’t â€Å"wish [her] anything but just what [she] is, [his] sweet little lark† (Ibsen 46). In order for him to constantly feel powerful, Torvald does not want his child-wife to mature, but instead desires that Nora remains dependent on his guidance and wealth. Furthermore, by calling her by animal nicknames, he dehumanizes her and makes it easier for himself to not acknowledge her as an actual person who needs his emotional, rather than financial support. Even Nora realizes that â€Å"when [she is] no longer so attractive† Torvald will â€Å"love [h]e[r] less than now† and will â€Å"stop enjoying [her] dancing and dressing up and reciting for him† (Ibsen 55), illustrating that although Nora realizes that Torvald does not appreciate her intelligence, rather than speaking up ab out her objectification, she desires to ignore it for the time being. On the other hand, while Torvald is objectifying Nora in order to maintain his authority, he is being manipulated even more than she is. Because society has taught him that appearances are more important than emotional substance, â€Å"Torvald with his sensitivity has such sharp distaste for anything ugly† (Ibsen 81). However, he is unable to recognize impurities beneath the surface, such as his wife’s dishonesty. Contrarily, because Nora cares more about her family’s emotional wellbeing than Torvald does, she recognizes the lies that are present within her and Torvald’s marriage and chooses to block them out of her mind, while he is oblivious to them. In addition, Torvald understands that society views women as being incapable of dealing with important matters, so he chastises Nora for getting involved in financial and work related issues, since they put his authority at risk.  Although he enjoys invoking Nora’s excitement by giving her money to spend, he does not take responsibility for her frivolous spending habits. For instance, when Nora comes home with newly purchased items he asks her, â€Å"Has the little spendthrift been out throwing money around again?† (Ibsen 44) He then continues to patronize her by saying, â€Å" Nora, Nora, how like a woman!† (Ibsen 44), demonstrating his belief that women are incapable of dealing with serious matters and that they are men’s burdens. Moreover, Torvald berates Nora about the importance of money when he tells her â€Å"No debts! Never borrow! Something of freedom’s lostand something of beauty, toofrom a home that’s founded on borrowing and de bt† (Ibsen 44), displaying the importance he places on not owing anything to others and thus, not being subservient. Through his controlling behavior towards Nora, such as appeasing Nora with money after she begs him for it, Torvald demonstrates his disbelief that these qualities should not pertain to women. Also, not only does he want to preserve his family’s appearance, but he also desires to preserve his own at work. Similarly to his domestic status, his professional one is based on the amount of power that he holds, which is demonstrated by his ability to command others. For this reason, Torvald feels threatened when Krogstad acts more friendly than professionally towards him. Also, when Nora later beseeches him to not terminate Krogstad’s job, Torvald is afraid about â€Å"it[being] rumored around that [he] [i]s vetoed by his wife† and inadvertently â€Å"make[ing him]self ridiculous in front of the whole office† (Ibsen 78), since being easily influenced by a woman, a supposedly inferior being, would cause Torvald to lose the respect of his coworkers. Therefore, â€Å"the necessity of moneyits crucial connection to respect figures importantly in A Doll’s House† (Templeton 7), since wealth is the foundation of the social hierarchy, which consists of domineering men at the top and submissive women, who are not even able to make purchases or take out loans without their husbands’ consents, at the bottom. Even though Nora subtly rebels against her husband and the patriarchal society as a whole, she still attempts to conserve her appearance as a submissive wife. In order to maintain a shred of dignity as a child-wife, Nora disobeys Torvald’s and society’s rules by taking on men’s attitudes and duties. For example, she asks â€Å"Dr. Rank† if he wants â€Å"a little macaroon,† because he â€Å"c[an]not possibly know that Torvald had forbidden them, and [she] also ha[s] one,† in an attempt to reject Torvald’s control over her. Next, â€Å"there [i]s just one last thing in the world that [she] ha[s] such a consuming desire to say so Torvald could hear.† This desire of hers is to say, â€Å" to hell and be damned!† (Ibsen 59), since cursing is considered an unladylike act. Later, another one of Nora’s secrets is revealed during her conversation with her childhood friend, Mrs. Linde. Firstly, Nora wants them to only discuss her happiness with Torvald, which displays that Nora acts self-centered at times; much like men who were solely focused on their own problems, not women’s in the Victorian Era. Plus, â€Å"[Mrs. Linde] think[s that] Nora is incapable of anything serious[;]† however, Nora’s â€Å" secret[,]† which is her â€Å"joy and pride† (Ibsen 55), affirms otherwise. Not wanting to humiliate Torvald, but also not wanting her power to be limited by him if he were to find out and stop her actions, Nora secretly saved his life when he was sick once, by borrowing money from Krogstad in order for Torvald to attain medical help, resulting in Nora needing to earn money in order to pay her debt to Krogstad. â€Å"Her criminality is thus both a result and a defiance of her exclusion.Nora, who as a married woman cannot borrow without her husband’s consent, is forced to go outside the law. To acquire money on her own is to reject her lowly status† as well as a sexist law, â€Å" for it means operating in the world† (Durbach 140), an activity that society only allows a woman to do with her husband’s guidance. Unfortunately, though, Nora had no choice but to forge her father’s signature in the process. Not only had Nora committed this crime in order to protect Torvald from feeling indebted to her, and consequently, to allow him to maintain his masculine pride, but she enjoyed the process of it because â€Å"it was wonderful fun, sitting and working like that, earning money. It was almost like being a man† (Ibsen 55). Although one may argue that her decision to break the law is an act of selflessness, in reality, her desire to attain the qualities that men are supposed to possess demonstrates that Nora’s main motivation to help her husband was not love, since she realizes that she is being oppressed, but the prospect of attaining more power, even if it is kept secret for the time being. In addition, her responsible actions showcase that people including Torvald and Nora’s friend, Mrs.  Linde, underestimate Nora’s maturity, since although Nora exhibits the stereotypical female qualities of being immature, as demonstrated by her inability to empathize with Mrs. Linde, she is also hardworking; a presumed quality of men exclusively. Moreover, because in the traditional Victorian society the oppression that she faces is seen as acceptable for women, Nora attempts to deny her restrictions for as long as possible. By buying â€Å"new clothes for Iver a sword [and] a horse and a trumpet for Bob[,] and a doll and a doll’s bed here for Emmy† (Ibsen 45), Nora is passing down the knowledge of gender stereotypes to her children. Also, Nora’s definition of freedom is â€Å"to know you’re carefree; to be able to play with the children, and to keep up a beautiful, charming home,† illustrating that Nora attempts to ignore the injustice of her only purpose in society being to take care of domestic duties and making â€Å"everything just the way Torvald likes it† (Ibsen 56). Plus, this depicts that Nora does not even have the freedom to make her own decisions about how the house should be arranged. Also, Nora â€Å" transforms the tree fantastically until it begins to radiate an appal ling sense of false and misleading gaiety, becoming an emblem of the deceptive values generated in the doll’s house,† since she hides her intelligence and rebellions behind her girly vulnerability and pretty purchases (Durbach 54). Thus, her adornment of the tree showcases her â€Å"masquerade† and â€Å"duplicity,† since â€Å"the tinkering with the tree is clearly emblematic of Nora’s assumption of a disguise in a manic attempt to shore up a house on the verge of collapse† (Durbach 54). Plus, during her conversation with Mrs. Linde, Nora is shocked to discover that her old friend is happy without a husband, and accordingly learns that â€Å"some women indeed, do not love their husbands† (Durbach 102). As a result, Nora begins to understand that women are not obligated to constantly rely on men for support and that it is possible for women to achieve happiness for themselves, not solely for their husbands. â€Å"When [Nora] realize[s this],the truth needs cushioning from the awful implicationsthe instability of domestic values, the shattering of the roles that have given her status, purpose, and function in the doll’s house† (Durbach 102), because all of the former values that society has implemented into her mind  have suddenly become obliterated. â€Å"Her strategy, therefore, is to maintain appearances even if it means living a lie. But she will not go along with this subterfuge forever. Timing is all† (Durbach 102), suggesting that although Nora realizes that the society is deceiving her by instilling the belief that a woman’s only option in life is to adhere to her husband’s demands, Nora is betraying Torvald in the same way, since he does not question her honesty. Meanwhile, Nora also understands that her only means of attaining authority as a woman is by manipulating men with her sexuality; however, she comes to realize that her power hurts others as well as herself. In order to receive what she desires from men, such as Dr. Rank and Torvald, Nora seduces them and pretends to be a stereotypically helpless woman. Not only does Nora flirt with Dr. Rank in order to attain money to pay off her loan to Krogstad, but also to prove to herself and to society that she is able to have power over men. â€Å"She has learnt to coax her husband into giving her what she asks by playing all sorts of pretty tricks. Now she naturally takes the same line with her husband’s friend (Shaw 226). After Dr. Rank explains to Nora that he believes that a terrible occurrence is imminent and then continues to explain that he is sick and will die soon, Nora is visibly relieved because he is not referring to the likelihood of Krogstad revealing her crime to Torvald. Instead of being sympathetic towards Dr. Rank’s plight, Nora then flaunts her â€Å"flesh colored† stockings and asks Dr. Rank, â€Å"Aren’t they lovely?† (Ibsen 82) â€Å"She treat[s] Dr. Rank not as a dearly loved and respected friend, but as the cliche of her fantasiesa male doll,† whom she is able to control for her own benefit (Durbach 49). â€Å"Her illusion of the male doll is as humiliating as the doll role she has trained herself to play† (Durbach 49), and her manipulative behavior exhibits her inability to not do onto others what both society and Torvald have done onto her: treat her like a subordinate being. In addition, it is ironic that the only way for Nora to feel powerful within her marriage is to act childishly in front of Torvald and to use her feminine sexuality. For instance, while preparing to perform a dance, Nora attempts to distract Torvald with her helplessness, because she does not  want him to open a letter from Krogstad, which outlines her forgery. She then proclaims to Torvald, â€Å"I’ve forgotten the whole [dance] completely.Yes, take care of me, Torvald, please!† (Ibsen 91), demonstrating that Nora knowingly abuses her sexual power by promoting her vulnerabilitya quality of hers that she knows Torvald is infatuated by. Plus, she lets him dress her up in a â€Å" fancy dress from Capri† that he had bought for her. It â€Å"is all sex and sexuality, a device that transforms Nora into the kind of ethnic doll† (Durbach 45) that one can purchase and then use for his own enjoyment. â€Å"The costume represents her role as a living sexual fantasy in the bourgeois bedroom,† since she does not even dress herself, but instead dresses up in order to be a suitable plaything for Torvald (Durbach 45). Her marriage, thus far, has shown her that in order to get others to listen to her and do things for her, she needs to use her sexuality and female characteristic of fragility, so â€Å"Nora acts the sexual doll, even to the extent of allowing Torvald to choose the costume and the [tarantella] dance (Durbach 45), thus causing him to think that he has full control of her, while in actually, she is the schemer who has the greater control in their relationship. Because of her subservience to males, Nora faces consequences at the hands of both Dr. Rank and Torvald that eventually lead to her awakening to her lack of free will. Although Nora has succeeded in manipulating Dr. Rank, she realizes that what she has done is wrong and then decides against asking him for a favor. Dr. Rank tells Nora that â€Å"[Torvald i]s [not] the only one who [woul]d give up his life for [her]† (Ibsen 84),† suggesting that he loves Nora. Because she â€Å" now ha[s] the knowledge that [his] body and soul are at [her] command† (Ibsen 84), as a result of her seduction of Dr. Rank, Nora feels guilty for giving him false hope of her reciprocating his feelings, especially because Nora is married and still feels loyal towards Torvald. Also, Nora finally abandons her plan of manipulation because she does not wish to hurt a man who, as a result of his affection for her, seems weaker than most men, such as Torvald. â€Å"Nora now becomes â€Å"aware of her own tendency to reduce living substance to the empty forms of perverse fantasy† (Durbach 49). Furthermore, the tarantella dance, which represents Nora and Torvald’s power struggle, between not only each other, but also each of them individually and society, causes Nora to visibly rebel against Torvald, rendering him desperate to gain back his control. Nora’s rampant dancing is a discernible rebellion against Torvald, thus rendering him desperate to gain back his control over her. As her dancing becomes increasingly crazed, Torvald yells to her, â€Å"Slow down.Not so violent, Nora! No, no, that won’t do it at all† (Ibsen 91-92). Her refusal to abide by his commands â€Å"reveal[s] the hoydenish mistress beneath the angel in the house† (Durbach 45), since for the first time, Nora is disobeying Torvald while he is aware of her defiance. Overall, the tarantella represents â€Å"the dance of the victim of the tarantella spider, and the delirious attempt of the body to rid itself of the poison. (Durbach 52). In this case, Nora and Torvald are both the victims and society is the metaphorical spider that spreads its venom through their marriage, causing them to fight for their freedoma concept that Nora grasps better than Torvald does. As a result, Nora fights with Torvald for the presumedly powerful role of the man in their relationship. Later, Torvald takes on Nora’s previous role of seduction, because he believes that he has the right to â€Å"look at [his] dearest possession† in an objectifying way, because â€Å"all [of her] loveliness [i]s [his] alone (Ibsen 100). Torvald sees that the freeness of the tarantella â€Å"is still in [Nora’s] blood and it makes [her] even more enticing. (Ibsen 100). Plus, he finds Nora’s trembling attractive because as a man, it gives him an opportunity to protect her from harm, and it also demonstrates her vulnerability, which society has taught men to be infatuated with† (Ibsen 100). However, when Nora tells Torvald that she does not want to see him at this moment, he is shocked. Torvald does not understand what â€Å"[Nora] mean[s,] and thinks that Nora [is] teasing [hi]m† (Ibsen 101) because as her husband he thinks that he is entitled to have control over her body. This â€Å"sexual attitude [is] conditioned by a determination to see Nora as a dancing, singing, and reciting doll, created for his leisure moments, the maintenance of his household economy, and the convenience of his bed† (Durbach 53). Nora’s encounters with Mrs. Linde, Krogstad, Dr. Rank, and finally withToravald all lead to her disillusionment, and incidentally, Torvald’s as well. Her encounter with Krogstad, a lawyer and Torvald’s coleague, because he is a window into Nora’s future, in which she is ostracized because of the crime that she has committed; Mrs. Linde because she helped Nora realize her potential to break female stereotypes, and Dr. Rank because he is an honest man whom Nora regretted hurting. In particular, the tarantella dance is the turning point in Nora and Torvald’s relationship. Once Torvald commands her to dance in a more proper manner, Nora more fully comprehends that her freedom of expression as well as her right to have control over her own body is being oppressed. For this reason, she decides to allow Torvald to read the letter from Krogstad about her crime, as she is no longer controlled by her fear of how society will view her. Although Nora realizes t hat the illusion of her utopian family will shatter after Torvald finds out about her secret, she does not expect him to react as angrily as he does. While Nora understands her oppression more clearly after revealing her forgery to her husband and later decides to abandon her family, Torvald has also been rendered powerless and is unable to comprehend his wife’s decision to leave their household. While Nora had earlier decided to act selflessly in order to save her husband’s reputation, Torvald responds to the revelation of her forgery by attempting to preserve his authority and reputation for societal reasons. Even though Nora is cunning at times, society has constantly reinforced the quality of selflessness to females, so she believes that because she is willing to sacrifice herself for her husband, Torvald should be willing to do the same. Since as a wife, Nora realizes that it is her duty to unconditionally love her husband, â€Å"if anything awful [were to] happen, then it just wouldn’t matter if [she] ha[s] debt or not† (Ibsen 44), because the wellbeing of her husband is more important to her than riches and societal status. Initially, Nora fools herself into believing that â€Å"Torvald loves [her] beyond words (Ibsen 75). She does not acknowledge the warning signs of his over-protectiveness, such as the fact that he is extremely jealous at times and â€Å" [woul]d like to keep [Nora] all to himself (Ibsen 75). Moreover, similarly to her relationship with her father, Nora’s marriage is characterized by a need to meet society’s standard of happiness, not her internal one. For instance,  Nora believes that â€Å" [she] loved Papa most (Ibsen 85). However, she does not believe that love leads to happiness, since â€Å" [she] always thought it was so much fun when [she] could sneak down to the maids’ quarters, because they never tried to improve me. [And w]ith Torvald it’s just the same as with Papa† (Ibsen 85), demonstrating that Nora and Torvald’s marriage is based on attaining necessities, like a beautiful family appearance, from one another, not true love o r friendship. However, Nora still expects that because she has saved Torvald’s life he would do the same for her; a belief that had earlier made her willing to sacrifice herself for his reputation. When Krogstad threatened to expose her criminality, â€Å" such a certainty filled [her]:[she] was utterly sure [that Torvald would] say to [Krogstad]: [‘]go on, tell your tale to the whole wide world.[’] And when he’d done that.[Torvald woul]d step forward and say: I am the guilty one† (Ibsen 112). Nora had solely desired that Torvald would offer to sacrifice his reputation for hers, since she even â€Å"ha[d] the courage† (Ibsen 87) to commit suicide in order to free Torvald from the responsibility that she presumed he would take for her forgery. Nora believed that she â€Å"must die† because â€Å"her death w[ould have] be[en] conclusive proof of her blame, conclusive evidence in the face of Torvald’s ‘miraculous’ assumption of resp onsibility of her moral delinquency.† (Shaw 226), illustrating that she would do anything that is necessary in order to ensure that her husband’s reputation is conserved. In reality, after finding out about Nora’s crime, Torvald wants to protect the family’s appearance as well as protect his children from the criminal, whom he perceives his wife to be. Although Torvald wants Nora to be his helpless wife, when her life is truly in danger, he is unwilling to give up his pride to protect her. For example, before finding out about Nora’s crime he tells her that â€Å"time and again [he has] wished [that she was] in some terrible danger, just so [he] could stake [his] life and soul, for [he]r sake† (Ibsen 104). However, once that terrible danger occurs, he is unwilling to protect his wife if a consequence of aiding her is losing his reputation as a powerful man. Thus, he wants â€Å" everything between [them to be] just as it wasto the outside world, that is† (Ibsen 106). He wants  Nora to â€Å"go right on living in th[ei] house, (Ibsen 106) since he does not wish to approbate his personal misfortunes to become public knowledge, since society’s perception of himself and his family is more important than the family members’ relations with each other. â€Å"From now on[,] happiness does n[o]t matter [to him]; all that matters is saving the bits and pieces, the appearance† (Ibsen 106), because society has instilled the necessity of materialistic items, not feelings of love in most men. In addition to wanting to keep up appearances, Torvald wants to protect his children from the criminal whom he believes Nora to be, since he has been taught by society that parents’ flaws are passed down to their children. For this reason, he believes that Nora â€Å" can[no]t be allowed to bring up the children; [he] do[es no]t dare trust [her] with them† (Ibsen 106). Like many people during the Victorian period, he believes that moral attributes as well as disabilities or illnesses are hereditary. For instance, Torvald believes that the reason that â€Å" Dr. Rank suffer[s] from tuberculosis† is that â€Å"his father was a disgusting thing who kept mistresses† (Ibsen 74). Hence, because Torvald thinks lowly of Nora’s father, he believes that Nora broke the law because â€Å" [he]r father’s flimsy values have come out in [her]† (Ibsen 105). Also, since he thinks that â€Å"It [i]s usually the mother’s influence that [i]s domin ant† (Ibsen 70) in the household, he does not want Nora’s criminality to influence their children’s morality and health in the future. However, once he learns that his family’s reputation is no longer in danger, Torvald wants Nora to continue to be his doll-wife, but she decides to leave him; thus abruptly shattering his illusion of having a perfect marriage. Because Torvald has never truly understood Nora, he is initially unable to comprehend Nora’s decision to leave their seemingly happy doll-house, which is why Nora has decided to leave him in the first place. Similarly to how Nora earlier attempted to deny her oppression, Torvald wants to pretend that his marriage is not in ruins. Firstly, Torvald proclaims that â€Å"this ugliness all has to go[, and he] want[s] the whole thing to fade like a dream† (Ibsen 107), showcasing that he does not understand the negative consequences, such as a furthering of Nora’s disillusionment, that his  inability to protect her in her time of need has had on their marriage. Next, he tells Nora, â€Å"You don’t seem to realizeit’s over† (Ibsen 107), yet while he believes that a tremendous hardship has terminated, in Nora’s point of view, an end to their marriage is imminent. When Nora gives him a â€Å"frozen look,† Torvald thinks that â€Å"[she] can[no]t believe [that he has] forgiven [her]† and that she should â€Å"just lean on [hi]m† (Ibsen 107); however, Nora has learned to not expect him to aid her when she is in trouble. Contrarily, Torvald believes that forgiving Nora for a crime that she committed primarily for his benefit is a noble act. Additionally, her seemingly â€Å" feminine helplessness make[s her] twice as attractive to [hi]m† because he can now â€Å"keep [her] like a hunted dove [that he has] rescued out of a hawk’s claws† (Ibsen 108), thus again comparing Nora’s vulnerability to that of an animal. Also, â€Å"it [i]s as if she belongs to him in two ways no w: in a sense he’s given her fresh into the world again, and she [ha]s become his wife and his child as well† (Ibsen 108), thus allowing Torvald to hold even more power in their relationship. On the other hand, Nora is finally willing to admit that Torvald has never truly loved her, so she is able to leave the doll house. Because Torvald wants their marriage to continue as it has previously, except with her in an increasingly subservient role, Nora realizes that â€Å"[Torvald] do[es no]t understand [her] and [she] never understood [him] eitheruntil tonight. (Ibsen 109), demonstrating that they have never taken the time to talk about anything â€Å"serious† and that both of their lives have been governed by decisions that they made in order to fit the set characteristics of their genders. Overall, â€Å"[Nora has] been wronged greatly,first by [her father], and then by [Torvald, who] thought it fun to be in love with [her] (Ibsen 109), yet did not care enough about her to take care of her, since she mainly cared for them. Essentially, â€Å"[Nora] sees that [her and Torvald’s] whole family life [is] a fictiontheir home a mere doll’s house in which they have been playing at ideal husband and father, wife and mother† (Shaw 225), and not discovering who they truly are as individuals. Plus, although some may think that â€Å" the woman with her children, her presents, her nicknames, her extravagance, her pleasure in the thought of ‘heaps of money’can be a suitable candidate for liberation†Ã‚  (Hardwick 240), since Nora possesses all of the luxuries that many women desire. However, although Nora has been able to achieve many of the qualities that women are expected to have, she is yet to discover the characteristics that she wants to acquire for her own wellbeing. Further, in addition to never truly knowing Torvald, Nora has yet to understand who she is as well, thus leaving her children and embarking on a journey to mature and become an independent woman, but not without hurting Torvald in the process. In a society in which happiness relies on outward appearances, Torvald is unable to comprehend why Nora is willing to sacrifice her seemingly perfect family life. Primarily, he thinks that â€Å"there [i]s no one who gives up honor for love† (Ibsen 113), so he is confused as to how Nora could have expected him to take the blame for her crime. However, Nora’s self sacrifices assert that â€Å"millions of women have done just that† (Ibsen 113). Also, Torvald thinks that by desiring to leave his household, Nora is acting â€Å" unfair and ungrateful† (Ibsen 109-110). Because â€Å" [their] home [ha]s been nothing but a playpen† (Ibsen 109-110), Torvald expects Nora to be contented. Most importantly, he does not understand how Nora’s Conscience permits her to â€Å" run out on [he]r most sacred duties[,]† which are â€Å"to [he]r husband and children[,]† since â€Å"before all else, [she is] a wife and a mother† (Ibsen 111). While Torvald severely oppresses Nora, he is unaware of alternative actions to take. Thus, unlike Nora’s gradual awakening to the problems of the society, Torvald is given no time to process them, nor his wife’s unhappiness, which renders him a powerless doll as well. Next, in order not to pass on the belief of female stereotypes to her children and to educate herself, Nora fearlessly leaves the doll house, thus taking on the male role of protecting her family, while Torvald desperately wants her to stay. â€Å"She begins to perceive that the happy way in which she plays with the children and the care she takes to dress them nicely, are not sufficient to constitute her a fit person to train them† (Shaw 226), so Nora figures that abandoning her household is advantageous for both her own wellbeing, as well as her children’s. Most importantly, Noraâ€Å" ha[s] other duties equally as sacred† as being a wife and a mother: â€Å"duties to  [her]self.Before all else, [she i]s a human being, no less than [Torvald]† (Ibsen 111). As a human being, â€Å"[she] ha[s] to try to understand† (Ibsen 111) more about society and decide for herself which conditioned morals she wants to implement into her future journey. Thus, â€Å"Nora famously slams the door as she leaves the home. [This] action caused shock waves throughout the world, for it challenged firmly held ideas, such as the sanctity of marriage and the absolute authority of the man in the home† (Saether). Torvald attempts to convince Nora to stay, even proposing that they engage in a brother-and-sister-like relationship, revealing his desperation and ultimately, his lack of complete control over Nora’s decisions, which has been constantly prevalent within their marriage. In the end, Nora and Torvald’s illusions of each other collapse, along with their metaphorical dollhouse. Therefore, their positions in society are in reverse: Nora is free to discover who she is while Torvald is abandoned and assumes the responsibility of raising his and Nora’s children. In addition, Nora has a better knowledge about the causes of their separation, while Torvald still needs time to completely understand why Nora has left his household. Moreover, Nora believes that a â€Å"miracle† needs to occur for them to ever reunite. Mainly, Nora means that Torvald would need to be less objectifying and more understanding towards her. However, Nora does not recognize that the larger and far more unlikely miracle that would have to occur would be society loosening its control over the positions of both genders.

Care Plan and Interventions for Suicidal Patient

Care Plan and Interventions for Suicidal Patient CARE DELIVERY This essay will explore the effectiveness of the care delivered to one of the author’s service users whilst on clinical placement. This essay will demonstrate how the author developed therapeutic relationships through the use of appropriate communication and interpersonal skills in order to achieve this. Furthermore this essay will look at the formulation and documentation of the service user’s care plan involving the service user’s family and carers within a framework of informed consent. This essay will also evaluate and document the outcomes of nursing and other interventions. This essay will finally discuss the opportunities utilised and created to promote the health and well-being patients. In line with the codes of conduct for the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2010), the author has sought and received voluntary and informed consent from the client whom the author will, for the purpose of confidentiality, be referred to under the pseudonym Alice Azonto. Further to this, all names and locations will be referred to under pseudonyms for the same purpose. The author will refer to Alice Azonto by her first name ‘Alice’ as is her preference. Alice is a 47 year old woman who attempted to commit suicide having taken an overdose of paracetamol following the death of her husband. She was rushed to a local hospital for medical attention when found by her neighbour and a good friend Dona in a semi-conscious state. Alice collapsed in her kitchen floor with empty sachets of tablets beside her and a suicide note addressed to her only son John who lives in a nearby city. It appeared that Alice has not been eating and drinking well. This resulted in weight lost and a chronic lung condition because of excessive smoking. It also appeared that Alice has been neglecting herself and there were signs she had made superficial cuts to her wrists. Alice was diagnosed of depression and was detained under section 2 of the Mental Health Act (MHA, 2007) when she refused to be admitted voluntarily following an assessment. Hospital environment can be very stressful for clients when they first arrive on the ward. Nurses need to engage positively with clients to develop therapeutic relationship. Barker (2009, p.36) argues that, therapeutic relationship empower clients to learn or cope more effectively with their environment. The nurse commenced a therapeutic relationship with Alice by initially introducing himself and addressed her by her preferred name. Alice was listened to and reassured by the nurse without any immediate advice or diminishing his feelings. NMC (2010) recommends that patients must be treated as individuals and respect their dignity. Alice was offered a daily 1:1 sessions with the nursing team which enabled staff identified his goals and wishes which were incorporated into his plan of care. Department of Health (DOH, 2006) asserts that 1:1 sessions are therapeutic; they enable the service user to engage well with staff as it empowers them to express their feelings and thoughts. A person-centred plan of care was devised in other to deliver effective care to promote Alice recovery. NICE (2009) recommends that treatment and care should take into account patients’ needs and preferences. It further suggests that people with depression should be given the opportunity to make informed decisions about their treatment and care together with their healthcare professional involved in their care. Different allied health professionals such as the psychiatrists, psychologists, GP, nurses, social workers, OT and other community care providers were involved Alice care because of the severity his complex mental and physical health needs. DOH (2004) the ten essential shared capabilities recommend that professionals, patients, families and carers should work in partnership to provide quality care. Consent was sought from Alice whether she wanted his son John to be involved in her care. Gaining consent is a legal aspect of mental health nursing and it shows that patients are treated with respect (Diamond, 2008 p. 234). Alice and her son were fully involved in every aspect of the plan of care. CPA (2008) recommends that patients, families and carers should be involved in decision making in regard to their care plans. The author and the nursing team provided Alice with vital information to promote her choice and to enable Alice to make informed decisions. To make sure Alice’s needs were still being met, the MTD reviewed her mental and physical health regularly and amended her plan of care accordingly with any significant changes. No Health without Mental Health (2011) affirmed that meeting service users other needs improves their quality of life and provides good well-being. Alice was initially nursed within eyesight observation which was later reviewed to general observation due to the nature of her illness and presentation per (NICE, 2005) recommendation. Alice had prompts, reassurance and full support from the nursing team in maintaining her personal hygiene needs. Alice had regular appointments with her GP to monitor her chronic lung condition and was also provided with bereavement support and counselling. NHS (2012) recommends that bereavement support should be offered to patients, carers, and families if they lose a dear one as it has impact on their mental health and well-being. Alice was made aware of options of treatment available to her as guided by (NICE, 2009). Food and fluid intake chart was also put in place to monitor her dietary. Alice was provided with the available social support networks and with the support of an OT Alice engaged in purposeful activities to help lift her mood up and promote her independence. New Horizons (2011, p. 136) suggests that occupational activities are therapeutic and they help patients to engage with staff and other patients on the ward and builds self-worth and confidence towards discharge. In addition to the antidepressant treatment, Alice also had the team psychologist inputs to help promote her prompt recovery. NICE (2009) recommends that, people with moderate or severe depression should be provided with a high-intensity psychological intervention i.e. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) or Individual Personal Therapy (IPT) with a combination of antidepressant medication. Papageorgiou, C. et al. (2011) affirms that, one of the most widely known types of psychological therapy for depression is CBT, which combines both cognitive and behavioural techniques into an integrated whole. The nurse and the MDT have educated Alice on how to promote healthier lifestyles choices and provided Alice with information in the form of leaflets about her condition and range of information on smoking cessation so that she can make her own informed choice. Wrycraft (2009) argues that, mental health promotion is an activity healthcare professionals carryout as part of their everyday practice in their roles and do not realise they are engaging in such activity. However at other times they actively seek information about health promotion activities Staff facilitated these health promotions by strengthening the patients on the ward, they increased emotional resilience through 1:1sessions and negotiating with the patients to promote her self-esteem and coping skills. The MDT should review her plan of care depending of her progress.

Ancient Sculpture And Architecture :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ziggurats were used in ancient times for purposes of worship and to fulfill spiritual needs. One example, The Pyramid of the Magician, has a legend attached to it depicting the god Itzamna who had single-handedly built it in one night. The Pyramid of the Magician is, by 100 feet, the tallest architectural structure in the city of Uxmal on the Yucatan peninsula. Interestingly enough, the pyramid has a stairwell that faces the setting sun on summer solstice. Also of note, the whole city is perfectly aligned to mimic how the planets were thought to lie in the solar system at the time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the top of most Ziggurats, there were sanctuaries that were dedicated to the protective gods and/or goddesses of that particular city. The buildings were normally magnificent in size and the stairways leading up to the sanctuaries normally consisted of a very long series of steps. Experts feel that this symbolism represents how various peoples wished to unite the heavens and the earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As ancient as Ziggurats may seem, they can easily be compared to modern day churches and place of worship. Modern day churches are used presently as places where people can worship their god, who is felt to protect and watch over them; highly comparable to the purpose of the ancient Ziggurats. Not only are their purposes analogous, but their appearances can also be similar. For instance, most modern day places of worship have some sort of symbolic representation of their god near or at the very top of the building. This may seem commonplace to most, but perhaps the origin of the influence comes from the ancient architects. The long and high stairways of most Ziggurats can be compared to the symbolism that we, today, use near the top of churches.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Along the same lines of thought, modern day churches also normally possess some sort of symmetry, whether it is to the surroundings or within the structure itself. This can be paralleled to the Pyramid of the Magician in that that structure was symmetrical to the solar system. Most modern day facilities, however, have symmetrical attributes to their outer appearance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Church architecture could be researched in depth, but the purpose here is to express some similarities between the ancient centers of worship and modern day facilities. One such example could be the prevalent grand expanse. Perhaps this attribute is to accommodate for the large amount of worshippers, which does not seem to fluctuate in accordance with history.

Business Communication Essay

1) Discuss the scope of business communication? a12 a11 State the principles of business communication? a12 Draw communication process? Discuss the importance of business communication ? s12 What are the principles of business communication? discuss any three of them ? s12 a11 Mention the ways of improving the effectiveness of communication ? a11 Discuss the characteristics of effective communication ? s11 Discuss the process of effective communication ? s11 Mention the 7e’s of business communication ? s11 2) discuss the types of communication ?a12 explain downward communication with advantages and disadvantages ?a12 Discuss the different situations for considering the written communication as an effective tools? a12 What are the merits of downward communication ? s12 define horizontal communication? briefly discuss the forms of horizontal communication?s12 s11 distinguish between oral communication and written communication ? s12 mention the different means of non-verbal communication with examples ? a11 briefly discuss the forms of upward communication ? a11 discuss the merits and demerits of written communication ? a11 State the demerits of oral communication ? s11 Discuss the merits of downward and upward communication ? s11 3) What are the barriers to communication ? a12 Write a memorandum asking the employees to use the canteen only during the fixed hour ? a12 Suppose you are a manager of ABC company , write a notice informing the employees about the change in office timings during the Ramadan ?a12 Draft a memorandum to the office staff emphasizing the need of observing punctuality and adhering to lunch hour ? s12 As a secretary of business club , DBA at permanent campus write a notice to arrange a monthly Executive Committee meeting ? s12 Briefly discuss the parts of a Business Letter with example and its specimen ? a11 s11 Suppose you are a manager of AB Bank Ltd. , CDA avenue. One of your officer , Mr. Abul Kalam has got a promotion as a senior officer, write a letter to congratulate him. A11Â  Define informal communication. discuss the four predictable pattern of informal communication network ? s11 What are the difference between the formal and informal communication ? s11 Briefly explain the different forms of non verbal communication ? s11 4) Why business letters is different from personal letters ? briefly discuss the guidelines for writing a social letters? A11 As a sales manager of Otobi Furniture Pvt. Ltd, write a letter of regret to one of your corporate clients by explaining the reasons of delay delivery of their ordered products . a12 Suppose one of your colleagues has been awarded as the best employee of your organization, draft a letter of congratulation to him . a12 As a sales manager of BSRM steel , write a letter of thanks to the purchase manager of Sanmar Properties Ltd for their large order ? s12 As a manager of Dhaka Bank Ltd Agrabad Branch , write a letter of appreciation to Mr Zakir Hossian – One of your sales executive for his outstanding performance to fulfill the target of bring tk 35 lac as a deposit. S12 Suppose you are a Sales Manager of Credit Card Division of EBL.. one of your sales executives has shown good sales performance by fulfilling his monthly target. Now write a letter of appreciation to recognize his well performance . s11 Short notes: a11 Process of business communication Formal group vs. informal group Grapevine Barriers of effective communication Sketch the types of business communication

Star Trek Beyond Whats Inside

Star Trek Beyond Whats Inside Beyond All Expectations: Star Trek is back! There are 3 types of people: the oneswho like Star Wars, the ones who enjoy Star Trek and the ones who are into both these epic movie pieces. Lets talk about Star Trek, as The Star Trek: Beyond hit the cinemas all around the world a few days ago. The fans have been anticipating this day for long three years, since the previous ST film has been released. And now Captain Kirk, Commander Spock and the rest of the crew are back! If you are really digging ST, prepare to die during the first 30 mins of the movie! They will crash Enterprise. Again. And it is epic!!! While being in progress of completing its 5 year mission, starship Enterprise has been attacked by the alien warrior race. The starship is destructed and has to land on the distant planet Altamid, where the base of aliens is located. Will the crew make it through this tough time? (Spoiler alert: they sure will! :)) After all these blockbusters that Hollywood fed us with during past months, Beyond is like a breath of fresh air. Its not a remake or reload, not a super-pathetic self-called Number_One_film_of_the_year. Its just a new exciting adventure of space explorers,who fight for the happy future of the Universe. First of all, its worth saying that scattering crew members apart was a great idea. Though Captain Kirk is still the main figure, each member of the crew gets the possibility to shine and show themselves, acting as individuals, not as parts of one coordinated organism, instead of what they usually are when being on board of Enterprise. Commander Spock, the most famous Vulcan of all times, experiences earthy troubles understanding how relationships should work. And we also find out, that Spock is magnificent in making presents. (Ok, no more spoilers, I promise!))The main antagonist in Star Trek: Beyond is Krall, or Captain Balthazar Edison (Balthazar wait, where could I have heard this name? Id say at least 3 other TV series). During the film he evolves in our eyes from vicious warlord, who attacks Enterprise, to complex character, who is guided by revenge and hatred for the new peaceful lifestyle of Federation. We could be positive about the fact that there will be a stand-off between Kirk and Krall at the end of the movie. And the good will prevail the evil (oops, there goes another spoiler!)) As usually, there theres someone who helps the crew to defeat evil. And here comes Jaylah, the scavenger, who is not native to Kralls planet. She lives in the wrecked starship, knows how to make traps and she sure knows how to fight! Jaylah somehow reminds me of Rey from Star Wars: The Force Awakens. These two share much in common, beside the obvious fact that they both are strong female characters. At the beginning of the film both Kirk and Spock feel uncertain about staying a part of the Enterprise crew. But (lucky us!) overcoming difficulties force them to rethink their resignation. So, we may be pretty sure that sooner or later we are going to witness the Enterprise crews new exciting adventures at the final frontier.